Python on Margrop Blog

The Password Was Right—So Why Did Synology Reject It? Rebuilding DSM’s RSA + AES WebAPI Login

Sat, 11 Jul 2026 08:30:00 +0800

The short version

Some Synology WebAPI clients do more than post account and passwd to auth.cgi. The implementation preserved in OpenStack Cinder first calls SYNO.API.Encryption.getinfo, receives an RSA public modulus, server time, and two dynamic field names, then generates a one-use passphrase. RSA PKCS#1 v1.5 encrypts that passphrase; an OpenSSL-compatible AES-256-CBC envelope encrypts the URL-encoded login parameters; both Base64 values are finally placed inside the server-provided cipherkey field.

This is an authorized WebAPI compatibility technique—not a password bypass. A SID for session=DSM is also not automatically the same thing as a complete browser UI login state. Parameter encryption does not replace HTTPS, because TLS still authenticates the server and protects integrity against an active intermediary.

Ubuntu shutdown stuck for 90 seconds? A Python asyncio service that won't honour SIGTERM, and how to fix it

Fri, 19 Jun 2026 10:58:00 +0800

TL;DR

After upgrading my home proxy box to Ubuntu 24.04, systemctl reboot stopped being fast: SSH would hang on for 90 seconds before the box actually shut down. journalctl made it obvious: smart-proxy.service: State 'stop-sigterm' timed out. Killing. — systemd sent SIGTERM, waited 90 seconds, nobody reacted, and SIGKILL was the only option left.

The root cause is not systemd’s fault and not Ubuntu’s fault. It is Python’s asyncio runtime not actually ending its child tasks when SIGTERM arrives — it is parked on a socket.recv and never voluntarily looks at the signal queue.

The fix has two halves, both required: (1) a systemd drop-in that lowers TimeoutStopSec from the default 90s down to 20s on the affected Python units; (2) inside the Python service itself, walk asyncio.all_tasks(), .cancel() the in-flight connection handlers on SIGTERM, and wrap self.stop() in asyncio.wait_for(..., timeout=10) as a safety net. After both halves, the same reboot drops from 90 seconds to one second.

Python App in macOS LaunchAgent Can't Reach the Internet? Here's the httpx Proxy Trap You Need to Know

Sat, 30 May 2026 09:00:00 +0800

TL;DR:

When a Python application using httpx with trust_env=True runs inside a macOS LaunchAgent, it silently picks up the system proxy settings from scutil --proxy. But the LaunchAgent process may not be able to reach that proxy server at all — resulting in All connection attempts failed or No route to host errors.

The fix is one line: add NO_PROXY=* to the LaunchAgent’s plist EnvironmentVariables.

This article documents the full debugging journey: from discovering that my AI Agent’s WeChat Enterprise (WeCom) messages weren’t being replied to, through methodical proxy troubleshooting, to finally pinning down the root cause — macOS system proxy + LaunchAgent network isolation. We’ll dive deep into Python httpx source code, macOS proxy architecture, and the many gotchas of LaunchAgent runtime environments.

The Complete AI Agent Migration Guide: A Real-World Journey from Scratch with 9 Pitfalls and Fixes

Sat, 30 May 2026 08:00:00 +0800

TL;DR:

Migrating from one AI Agent platform to another sounds like a “copy and paste” job. In reality, it’s a systems engineering challenge involving data migration, channel integration, scheduled tasks, auto-start configuration, proxy settings, and module compatibility.

This article documents my complete migration journey: from installing the new platform, migrating memories and skills, configuring messaging channels, debugging mysterious failures, to achieving fully automated operation. 9 pitfalls encountered, 9 solutions found — all shared here.

Clawd Code Quick Architecture Read: One Page to Understand the Python-First Rewrite Workspace

Tue, 31 Mar 2026 21:30:00 +0800

The latest margrop/clawd-code codebase is no longer just a preserved source archive. It is now a very explicit Python-first porting workspace: src/ is the active implementation surface, tests/ is the verification layer, archive/claude_code_ts_snapshot/ is an optional local archive, and src/reference_data/ is the source of mirrored command and tool inventories.

This short post answers one question only: how is the workspace organized right now?

Clawd Code Latest Code Analysis: How a Python-First Claude Code Rewrite Organizes Commands, Tools, Sessions, and Audit

Tue, 31 Mar 2026 20:30:00 +0800

After reading the latest code in margrop/clawd-code, the main change is obvious: this repository is no longer just an archive of the leaked Claude Code tree. It is now a Python-first porting workspace. The tracked tree centers on src/ as active implementation, tests/ as verification, archive/claude_code_ts_snapshot/ as an optional local archive, and src/reference_data/ as the mirrored data source for commands, tools, and surface coverage.

That changes the question. We are no longer asking only “what did the original source look like?” We are asking:

can the old system be reorganized into a maintainable Python workspace?
can commands, tools, sessions, permissions, and startup order be modeled explicitly?
how much of the original surface is mirrored today?
which parts are already runnable, and which parts are still skeletal?

That is why I rewrote this post. The previous version still revolved around the leaked snapshot itself. This version needs to talk about the new engineering object: the rewrite workspace.

A Python-based way to keep China Telecom Cloud PC awake

Tue, 18 Jun 2024 17:41:35 +0800

Principle: Regularly connect to China Telecom Cloud Desktop (interval must be less than 1 hour)

Step 1: Obtain Request Data

Open Chrome browser’s Developer Tools:
- In Chrome browser, press F12 or right-click and select Inspect to open Developer Tools.
Visit and log in to China Telecom Cloud Desktop:
- Visit https://pc.ctyun.cn and log in to Cloud PC with your account.
Copy the curl command for the connect request:
- In Developer Tools, select the Network tab, find and click on the request named connect.
- Right-click on this request and select Copy as cURL (cmd).
Obtain authData from localStorage:
- In Developer Tools, select the Application tab.
- In the left sidebar, find Local Storage and select https://pc.ctyun.cn.
- Find the authData key and copy its corresponding value.

Issue where pip becomes unusable after pip install --upgrade pip on CentOS 7: ImportError: No module named typing

Wed, 16 Jun 2021 11:13:46 +0800

Problem Description

pip安装某第三方 SDK，提示升级 pip，按提示升级 pip 后报错

pip Upgrade Command that Causes the Error

pip install --upgrade pip

pip Error Message

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/pip", line 9, in <module>
    load_entry_point('pip==21.1.2', 'console_scripts', 'pip')()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources.py", line 378, in load_entry_point
    return get_distribution(dist).load_entry_point(group, name)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources.py", line 2566, in load_entry_point
    return ep.load()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources.py", line 2260, in load
    entry = __import__(self.module_name, globals(),globals(), ['__name__'])
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
    from typing import List, Optional
ImportError: No module named typing

Python3 object-oriented programming

Thu, 04 Mar 2021 22:23:55 +0800

Object-oriented programming Access restrictions Private variables start with __ class Student(object): def __init__(self, name, score): self.name = name self.score = score def print_score(self): print('%s: %s' % (self.name, self.score)) Inheritance and polymorphism Inheritance: Dog inherits from Animal class Student(object): def __init__(self, name, score): self.__name = name self.__score = score def print_score(self): print('%s: %s' % (self.__name, self.__score)) Get object information Basic object types Object type of a function or class Type checking Reflection: use dir() to get all properties and methods of an object Reflection: getattr(), setattr(), and hasattr() Interfaces and duck typing class Animal(object): def run(self): print('Animal is running.

Python 3 I/O Programming

Fri, 26 Feb 2021 10:29:31 +0800

File Reading and Writing

`read()`: reads the entire file at once

with is similar to try...catch, but simpler, and it automatically calls close

with open('/path/to/file', 'r') as f:
    print(f.read())

How to Run Multiple Python Scripts on Mac with One Command

Thu, 25 Feb 2021 15:52:15 +0800

There are currently 4 Python scripts, and I want to execute all 4 scripts with a single command. How can I do that? My current approach is rather crude. I used 5 shell scripts to achieve it, but I don’t know whether there is a better way.

shell script `runAll.sh`

#!/bin/bash
ls
open -a Terminal.app run17688821.sh
open -a Terminal.app run49763693.sh
open -a Terminal.app run857413.sh
open -a Terminal.app run856853.sh

Python3 regular expressions

Wed, 24 Feb 2021 08:38:22 +0800

re module s = r'ABC\-001' # Python的字符串 # 对应的正则表达式字符串不变： # 'ABC\-001' Determine whether a regular expression matches >>> import re >>> re.match(r'^\d{3}\-\d{3,8}$', '010-12345') <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 9), match='010-12345'> >>> re.match(r'^\d{3}\-\d{3,8}$', '010 12345') >>> Split a string Group >>> 'a b c'.split(' ') ['a', 'b', '', '', 'c'] Greedy matching >>> m = re.match(r'^(\d{3})-(\d{3,8})$', '010-12345') >>> m <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 9), match='010-12345'> >>> m.group(0) '010-12345' >>> m.group(1) '010' >>> m.group(2) '12345' Compile a regular expression >>> re.

Python 3 Built-in Module: HTMLParser

Mon, 15 Feb 2021 11:07:02 +0800

HTMLParser

Python3 common string operations

Sun, 14 Feb 2021 22:33:22 +0800

python print

No line breaks (add, end=’’ at the end)

print(string,end='')

Python3 basics

Fri, 12 Feb 2021 14:28:13 +0800

Python3 tutorial Python download Python3 built-in functions Base Use indentation instead of {} The end of the statement is not required; list=[…] method len()/append()/insert() tuple=() immutable list map={key:value,key:value…} method key in map/get(key,defaultValue)/pop(key) set=set([…]) method add(key)/remove(key) function Data type: int(v), float(v), str(v), bool(v) Empty statement: pass Immutable object: None Variable parameters: *args, receives 1 tuple Keyword parameter: **kw, receives 1 dict

Python3 web environment, including third-party and self-built

Sun, 24 Jan 2021 13:07:30 +0800

I needed to use the Python3 Web environment because of some family matters, so I collected them. The environment of the third-party website is very simple to use, but the shortcomings are also obvious. The last Python code cannot be saved. Python3 environment provided by third-party websites So I built an environment myself, and after struggling for a long time, I finally used Docker to build it, and it was done in just a few lines of code.