如何使用通用的Hibernate类型映射JSON对象
介绍
在本文中,我们将看到如何使用Hibernate Types开源项目将JSON列映射到JPA实体属性。
虽然您可以创建自己的自定义Hibernate类型,但可以在Oracle,SQL Server,PostgreSQL或MySQL上映射JSON列类型,但是由于Hibernate Types项目已经提供了此功能,因此您无需实现自己的Hibernate Type 。
领域模型
假设我们具有以下域模型:
Location和Ticket是JSON Object(s),而Event和Participant是JPA实体。我们的目标是提供一种Type适用于任何类型的JSON JavaObject以及支持JSON列的任何关系数据库的Hibernate JSON 。
Maven依赖
您需要做的第一件事是在项目pom.xml配置文件中设置以下Maven依赖项:
<dependency>
<groupId>com.vladmihalcea</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-types-52</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate-types.version}</version>
</dependency>
如果您使用的是Hibernate的旧版本,请查看hibernate-typesGitHub存储库
,以获取有关当前Hibernate版本的匹配依赖项的更多信息。
声明Hibernate Types
要使用JSON Hibernate Types,我们必须使用@TypeDef注释声明它们:
@TypeDefs({
@TypeDef(name = "json", typeClass = JsonStringType.class),
@TypeDef(name = "jsonb", typeClass = JsonBinaryType.class)
})
@MappedSuperclass
public class BaseEntity {
//Code omitted for brevity
}
TypeDef批注可以应用于基本实体类,也可以应用于与当前实体包关联的package-info.java文件。
MySQL
MySQL 5.7增加了对JSON类型的支持,在JDBC级别上,需要将其实现为String。因此,我们将使用JsonStringType。
实体映射如下所示:
@Entity(name = "Event")
@Table(name = "event")
public class Event extends BaseEntity {
@Type(type = "json")
@Column(columnDefinition = "json")
private Location location;
public Location getLocation() {
return location;
}
public void setLocation(Location location) {
this.location = location;
}
}
@Entity(name = "Participant")
@Table(name = "participant")
public class Participant extends BaseEntity {
@Type(type = "json")
@Column(columnDefinition = "json")
private Ticket ticket;
@ManyToOne
private Event event;
public Ticket getTicket() {
return ticket;
}
public void setTicket(Ticket ticket) {
this.ticket = ticket;
}
public Event getEvent() {
return event;
}
public void setEvent(Event event) {
this.event = event;
}
}
插入以下实体时:
final AtomicReference<Event> eventHolder = new AtomicReference<>();
final AtomicReference<Participant> participantHolder = new AtomicReference<>();
doInJPA(entityManager -> {
Event nullEvent = new Event();
nullEvent.setId(0L);
entityManager.persist(nullEvent);
Location location = new Location();
location.setCountry("Romania");
location.setCity("Cluj-Napoca");
Event event = new Event();
event.setId(1L);
event.setLocation(location);
entityManager.persist(event);
Ticket ticket = new Ticket();
ticket.setPrice(12.34d);
ticket.setRegistrationCode("ABC123");
Participant participant = new Participant();
participant.setId(1L);
participant.setTicket(ticket);
participant.setEvent(event);
entityManager.persist(participant);
eventHolder.set(event);
participantHolder.set(participant);
});
Hibernate生成以下语句:
INSERT INTO event (location, id)
VALUES (NULL(OTHER), 0)
INSERT INTO event (location, id)
VALUES ('{"country":"Romania","city":"Cluj-Napoca"}', 1)
INSERT INTO participant (event_id, ticket, id)
VALUES (1, {"registrationCode":"ABC123","price":12.34}, 1)
JSONObject(s)已正确实现在其关联的数据库列中。
不仅JSONObject(s)已从其数据库表示形式正确转换:
Event event = entityManager.find(Event.class, eventHolder.get().getId());
assertEquals("Cluj-Napoca", event.getLocation().getCity());
Participant participant = entityManager.find(
Participant.class, participantHolder.get().getId());
assertEquals("ABC123", participant.getTicket().getRegistrationCode());
但是我们甚至可以发出基于JSON的本地SQL查询:
List<String> participants = entityManager.createNativeQuery(
"SELECT p.ticket -> \"$.registrationCode\" " +
"FROM participant p " +
"WHERE JSON_EXTRACT(p.ticket, \"$.price\") > 1 ")
.getResultList();
Object(s)可以修改JSON :
event.getLocation().setCity("Constanța");
entityManager.flush();
Hibernate生成正确的UPDATE语句:
UPDATE event
SET location = '{"country":"Romania","city":"Constanța"}'
WHERE id = 1
PostgreSQL
从9.2版开始,PostgreSQL就一直支持JSON类型。有两种类型可以使用:
- json
- jsonb
两种PostgreSQL JSON类型都需要使用二进制数据格式来实现,因此我们需要使用JsonBinaryType这次。
PostgreSQL JSON列类型
对于JSON列类型,Object(s)必须如下更改两个JSON映射:
@Type(type = "jsonb")
@Column(columnDefinition = "json")
private Location location;
@Type(type = "jsonb")
@Column(columnDefinition = "json")
private Ticket ticket;
插入和实体更新都一样,甚至可以JSON按以下方式查询该列:
List<String> participants = entityManager.createNativeQuery(
"SELECT p.ticket ->>'registrationCode' " +
"FROM participant p " +
"WHERE p.ticket ->> 'price' > '10'")
.getResultList();
PostgreSQL JSONB列类型
对于JSONB列类型,我们只需要更改columnDefinition属性,因为json和jsonbPostgreSQL列类型都由来处理JsonBinaryType:
@Type(type = "jsonb")
@Column(columnDefinition = "jsonb")
private Location location;
@Type(type = "jsonb")
@Column(columnDefinition = "jsonb")
private Ticket ticket;
插入和JSONObject更新的工作方式相同,而JSONB列类型提供了更高级的查询功能:
List<String> participants = entityManager.createNativeQuery(
"SELECT jsonb_pretty(p.ticket) " +
"FROM participant p " +
"WHERE p.ticket ->> 'price' > '10'")
.getResultList();