Ubuntu 26.04 新装机第一刀：不想被 Snap 绑架，就这样干净卸掉它

bash remove-snap-ubuntu2604.sh

EXECUTE=1 HOLD_SNAPD=1 bash remove-snap-ubuntu2604.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -euo pipefail

EXECUTE="${EXECUTE:-0}"
HOLD_SNAPD="${HOLD_SNAPD:-0}"
BACKUP_DIR="${BACKUP_DIR:-$HOME/snap-removal-backup-$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)}"

if [ "$EXECUTE" = "1" ]; then
  MODE="EXECUTE"
else
  MODE="DRY-RUN"
fi

run() {
  if [ "$EXECUTE" = "1" ]; then
    "$@"
  else
    printf '[dry-run] '
    printf '%q ' "$@"
    printf '\n'
  fi
}

as_root() {
  if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ]; then
    "$@"
  else
    sudo "$@"
  fi
}

echo "Mode: $MODE"
echo "Backup directory: $BACKUP_DIR"
echo

echo "== System =="
cat /etc/os-release | sed -n '1,8p'
echo

if ! command -v snap >/dev/null 2>&1; then
  echo "snap command not found. snapd may already be absent."
else
  echo "== Installed snaps =="
  snap list --all || true
  echo

  echo "== Save inventory =="
  run mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR"
  if [ "$EXECUTE" = "1" ]; then
    snap list --all > "$BACKUP_DIR/snap-list.txt" || true
    snap saved > "$BACKUP_DIR/snap-saved.txt" 2>/dev/null || true
    printf 'Saved inventory to %s\n' "$BACKUP_DIR"
  fi

  echo
  echo "== Remove installed snaps with --purge =="
  mapfile -t snaps < <(snap list --all 2>/dev/null | awk 'NR>1 {print $1}' | sort -u | tac)
  for name in "${snaps[@]:-}"; do
    [ -n "$name" ] || continue
    run as_root snap remove --purge "$name"
  done
fi

echo
echo "== Purge snapd package =="
run as_root apt-get purge -y snapd
run as_root apt-get autoremove --purge -y

echo
echo "== Remove leftover directories =="
for path in /snap /var/snap /var/lib/snapd "$HOME/snap"; do
  if [ -e "$path" ]; then
    run as_root rm -rf "$path"
  fi
done

echo
if [ "$HOLD_SNAPD" = "1" ]; then
  echo "== Add APT guard for snapd =="
  run as_root apt-mark hold snapd
  run as_root install -d -m 0755 /etc/apt/preferences.d
  if [ "$EXECUTE" = "1" ]; then
    as_root tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/no-snapd.pref >/dev/null <<'EOF'
Package: snapd
Pin: release *
Pin-Priority: -10
EOF
  else
    echo "[dry-run] write /etc/apt/preferences.d/no-snapd.pref"
  fi
else
  echo "APT guard skipped. Set HOLD_SNAPD=1 if you want to block accidental reinstall."
fi

echo
echo "== Verification =="
if command -v snap >/dev/null 2>&1; then
  echo "snap command still exists: $(command -v snap)"
else
  echo "snap command is absent."
fi
dpkg-query -W snapd 2>/dev/null || echo "snapd package is absent."
echo "Done."

powershell -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -File .\Remove-Snap-From-Ubuntu.ps1 -Target <ubuntu-target> -User <user>

powershell -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -File .\Remove-Snap-From-Ubuntu.ps1 -Target <ubuntu-target> -User <user> -Execute -HoldSnapd

param(
    [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][string]$Target,
    [string]$User = "root",
    [switch]$Execute,
    [switch]$HoldSnapd
)

$ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
$mode = if ($Execute) { "EXECUTE" } else { "DRY-RUN" }
$hold = if ($HoldSnapd) { "1" } else { "0" }
$executeFlag = if ($Execute) { "1" } else { "0" }

Write-Host "Target: $User@$Target"
Write-Host "Mode: $mode"

$remoteScript = @'
set -euo pipefail
EXECUTE="${EXECUTE:-0}"
HOLD_SNAPD="${HOLD_SNAPD:-0}"
run(){ if [ "$EXECUTE" = "1" ]; then "$@"; else printf '[dry-run] '; printf '%q ' "$@"; printf '\n'; fi; }
as_root(){ if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ]; then "$@"; else sudo "$@"; fi; }
echo "Mode: $([ "$EXECUTE" = "1" ] && echo EXECUTE || echo DRY-RUN)"
cat /etc/os-release | sed -n '1,8p'
if command -v snap >/dev/null 2>&1; then
  snap list --all || true
  snaps="$(snap list --all 2>/dev/null | awk 'NR>1 {print $1}' | sort -u | tac || true)"
  for name in $snaps; do run as_root snap remove --purge "$name"; done
else
  echo "snap command not found."
fi
run as_root apt-get purge -y snapd
run as_root apt-get autoremove --purge -y
for path in /snap /var/snap /var/lib/snapd "$HOME/snap"; do [ -e "$path" ] && run as_root rm -rf "$path"; done
if [ "$HOLD_SNAPD" = "1" ]; then
  run as_root apt-mark hold snapd
  if [ "$EXECUTE" = "1" ]; then
    as_root install -d -m 0755 /etc/apt/preferences.d
    printf 'Package: snapd\nPin: release *\nPin-Priority: -10\n' | as_root tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/no-snapd.pref >/dev/null
  else
    echo "[dry-run] write /etc/apt/preferences.d/no-snapd.pref"
  fi
fi
command -v snap >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo "snap still exists" || echo "snap command is absent."
dpkg-query -W snapd 2>/dev/null || echo "snapd package is absent."
'@

$envLine = "EXECUTE=$executeFlag HOLD_SNAPD=$hold bash -s"
$remoteScript | ssh "$User@$Target" $envLine

bash remove-snap-from-ubuntu-macos.sh <user> <ubuntu-target>

EXECUTE=1 HOLD_SNAPD=1 bash remove-snap-from-ubuntu-macos.sh <user> <ubuntu-target>

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -euo pipefail

USER_NAME="${1:?usage: bash remove-snap-from-ubuntu-macos.sh <user> <ubuntu-target>}"
TARGET="${2:?usage: bash remove-snap-from-ubuntu-macos.sh <user> <ubuntu-target>}"
EXECUTE="${EXECUTE:-0}"
HOLD_SNAPD="${HOLD_SNAPD:-0}"

ssh "${USER_NAME}@${TARGET}" "EXECUTE=${EXECUTE} HOLD_SNAPD=${HOLD_SNAPD} bash -s" <<'REMOTE'
set -euo pipefail
run(){ if [ "${EXECUTE:-0}" = "1" ]; then "$@"; else printf '[dry-run] '; printf '%q ' "$@"; printf '\n'; fi; }
as_root(){ if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ]; then "$@"; else sudo "$@"; fi; }

echo "Mode: $([ "${EXECUTE:-0}" = "1" ] && echo EXECUTE || echo DRY-RUN)"
cat /etc/os-release | sed -n '1,8p'

if command -v snap >/dev/null 2>&1; then
  snap list --all || true
  snap list --all 2>/dev/null | awk 'NR>1 {print $1}' | sort -u | tac | while read -r name; do
    [ -n "$name" ] && run as_root snap remove --purge "$name"
  done
else
  echo "snap command not found."
fi

run as_root apt-get purge -y snapd
run as_root apt-get autoremove --purge -y

for path in /snap /var/snap /var/lib/snapd "$HOME/snap"; do
  [ -e "$path" ] && run as_root rm -rf "$path"
done

if [ "${HOLD_SNAPD:-0}" = "1" ]; then
  run as_root apt-mark hold snapd
  if [ "${EXECUTE:-0}" = "1" ]; then
    as_root install -d -m 0755 /etc/apt/preferences.d
    printf 'Package: snapd\nPin: release *\nPin-Priority: -10\n' | as_root tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/no-snapd.pref >/dev/null
  else
    echo "[dry-run] write /etc/apt/preferences.d/no-snapd.pref"
  fi
fi

command -v snap >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo "snap still exists" || echo "snap command is absent."
dpkg-query -W snapd 2>/dev/null || echo "snapd package is absent."
REMOTE

你要在一台 Ubuntu 26.04 目标机上卸载 Snap。

要求：
1. 不要输出、记录或提交任何真实内网 IP、完整主机名、私有域名、密钥或令牌。
2. 先只读检查：/etc/os-release、command -v snap、snap list --all、snap saved、apt-cache policy snapd、df -h。
3. 给出影响评估：哪些 Snap 应用会消失，是否有 Firefox/Store/桌面组件替代方案。
4. 先运行 dry-run 脚本，不允许直接执行删除。
5. 我确认后，才允许以 EXECUTE=1 执行。
6. 执行后验证：snap 命令是否消失、snapd 包是否卸载、/snap、/var/snap、/var/lib/snapd 是否还存在。
7. 如需阻止 snapd 被重新安装，使用 HOLD_SNAPD=1，并说明可逆操作。

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y snapd
sudo systemctl enable --now snapd.socket

sudo apt-mark unhold snapd || true
sudo rm -f /etc/apt/preferences.d/no-snapd.pref
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y snapd

sudo snap install firefox